The role of artificial intelligence in transforming clinical practice and biomedical research: a review of opportunities and challenges

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare sector by improving diagnostic accuracy, enhancing drug discovery and pharmaceutical research, and advancing electronic prescription processing (e-prescribing; eRx), although its adoption in developing contexts remains limited. This study the role of artificial intelligence in transforming clinical practice and biomedical research: a review of opportunities and challenges presents systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed articles examining the role of AI in clinical practice and biomedical research. The key findings show that AI significantly improves diagnostic precision, supports personalized medicine, enhances real-time patient management system, and optimizes medication management through intelligent e-prescribing systems with accuracy of perception of drugs for each patient. Additionally, AI contributes to faster and more efficient biomedical research processes. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and limited technical expertise persist, particularly in developing country. The review concludes that effective and sustainable AI integration in healthcare requires context-specific strategies, supportive policy frameworks, increased investment in digital infrastructure, and capacity building among healthcare professionals.