Mathematical analysis of hepatitis B with control strategies and emphasis on double-dose vaccination

Abstract

Hepatitis B is a major global public health concern, causing both acute and chronic liver disease and contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective vaccination strategies are critical to controlling its spread. This study investigated the spread patterns of Hepatitis B and evaluated the effectiveness of double-dose vaccination in minimizing transmission. A mathematical model was developed to represent the transmission dynamics of Hepatitis B in the human population, incorporating both acute and chronic infection stages. The basic reproduction number (R₀) was calculated to assess the potential for disease outbreak and persistence, and stability analysis was conducted to determine conditions under which the infection could be eradicated or maintained. A sensitivity analysis identified key parameters influencing R₀​, such as transmission rate, vaccination coverage, and progression to chronic infection. Numerical simulations were performed to validate theoretical results and demonstrate the impact of implementing a double-dose vaccination regimen. The findings indicated that increasing vaccination coverage through a double-dose strategy significantly reduces the prevalence of Hepatitis B, providing valuable insights for public health strategies and policy development aimed at disease control.Hepatitis B