Effects of gas flaring on land and water bodies to public health of Ekpan community, Uvwie local government area, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of gas flaring on land, water bodies, and public health in Ekpan, Uvwie Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. Field inventory, laboratory analyses, and surveys were conducted, including soil and water sample testing and structured questionnaires administered to 300 respondents. The research aimed to assess the nature of illnesses, soil and water conditions, particle presence in water, frequency of hospital visits, and proximity to gas flaring sites. Statistical tools, including frequency tables and Chi-square tests, were used for data analysis. Results showed that gas flaring significantly contributes to environmental degradation and adverse health impacts. Soils near flare sites exhibited acidic pH, high temperatures, and elevated levels of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn), which decreased with distance from the flaring point. Water quality tests indicated high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand and conductivity, confirming pollution. Health issues linked to these conditions included respiratory problems, skin infections, and gastrointestinal disorders. The ecological balance, including plant and animal health, was also disrupted. Hypothesis testing confirmed a strong relationship between public awareness and perception of gas flaring’s health effects, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study recommended urges strict enforcement of environmental laws, adoption of cleaner flaring alternatives, and regular monitoring of environmental and health conditions. It highlights the need to improve community healthcare, raise awareness, and ensure oil companies compensate and remediate affected areas. Continued research on the long-term effects of gas flaring is also recommended to inform sustainable policies in Ekpan and similar oil-producing areas.