Changes in Water Quality of Lotic Water Body Along River Hadejia, Hadejia Local Government Area of Jigawa State
Dauda M.
Ibrahim H. M.
Kabiru M.
Beran J.
Abstract
Water resources are vital to human survival and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, yet they are highly vulnerable to degradation from anthropogenic activities. This study evaluated spatial variations in the water quality of River Hadejia, Jigawa State, Nigeria, using selected physicochemical parameters as indicators of ecological condition, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) using standard analytical procedures. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine differences among stations. The mean surface water temperature among the stations ranged from 22.3℃, 20.66℃ and 19.33℃ in station 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Station 2 has the highest mean value of 20.66℃ followed by station 1 and station 3 which has the lowest mean value, The mean value of Depth in Hadejia River during the period of study was found to range from 0.25m, 0.13m, and 0.15m in station 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The measure of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) mean values of Hadejia River ranged from 6.94 in station 1, 6.93 in station 2 and 6.51 in station 3. The results indicated no significant variation (p > 0.05) in pH, water depth, total dissolved solids, and biological oxygen demand across the sampling stations. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in water temperature, air temperature, turbidity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Elevated turbidity levels and reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations suggest that the river is experiencing pollution stress, which may negatively affect habitat quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.
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