Phytochemicals and Antioxidants analysis of Ethanolic Aerial Parts Extract of Diodia sarmentosa
Okoro C. A.
Ezejiofor T. I. N.
Mgbemena I. C.
Ezeji E. U.
Abstract
In drug discovery process, the early characterization of phytochemicals for their chemical composition and bioactivity provides essential data for evaluating their potential therapeutic relevance. This study explored the preliminary phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of bioactive compounds in Diodia sarmentosa (DS) aerial parts 70% ethanol extract. An extraction yield of 11.04 ± 0.002% was obtained. Qualitative analysis detected phenols, sugars, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites. In quantitative analysis, alkaloids (2747.48 ± 0.24 µg AE/mL), tannins (90.33 ± 0.01 µg TAE/mL), flavonoids (306.67 ± 0.66 µg QE/mL), and phenols (218.33 ± 0.01 µg GAE/mL) were present in high concentrations. In comparison to ascorbic acid standard, antioxidant assays showed low activities: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) IC₅₀ was 868.82 ± 0.02 µg/mL (ascorbic acid standard: 34.07 ± 0.01 µg/mL), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) EC₅₀ was 789.5 ± 0.01 µg/mL (ascorbic acid standard: 262.08 ± 0.01 µg/mL), nitric oxide (NO) IC₅₀ was 911.67 ± 0.01 µg/mL (ascorbic acid standard: 35.48 ± 0.01 µg/mL), and Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) value was 1548.56 ± 0.22 AAE. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic functional groups, including hydroxyl (O–H), carbonyl (C=O), and aromatic (C=C) vibrations, indicative of polyphenolic compounds, alcohols, esters, secondary amides, and related bioactive metabolites. Its extensive phytochemical profile, antioxidant efficacy and accompanying functional groups demonstrate its potential for managing ailments such as oxidative stress related diseases, warranting more research for potential pharmaceutical development and therapeutic applications.
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