Crude Oil Degradation Potentials of Bacterial Communities from Humic Freshwater Ecosystem of Eniong River Sediment Samples
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/jobasr-2023-v1i1-19
Egbomuche, R. C.
Ekwenye, U. N.
Ikeh, A. O.
Anosike, I. K.1
Etang, U. E.
Ikeh, C. E.
Abstract
Crude oil degradation potentials of bacterial communities from humic freshwater
sediment of Eniong River were determined using diverse bacteriological and
analytical procedures. The humic sediment harbours remarkable bacteria load
such as heterotrophic bacteria with a mean count of 5.94±0.41 log10cfu/g, sulphate
reducing bacteria with a mean count of 5.51±0.62 log10cfu/g and hydrocarbon
utilizing bacteria with an average count of 4.48±0.95 log10cfu/g. The
characterization studies of the isolates from the humic sediment ecosystem
revealed 19 genera and 25 species of bacteria and 1 genus and 1 species of
Actinomycetes. The screening tests revealed 14 out of 19 species of bacteria
encountered in the black water ecosystem possess the ability to utilize
hydrocarbons. Among the isolates, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus
cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed very strong crude-oil degrading
potentials. The results of the effect of environmental factors showed that the best
growth was obtained by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.60x102
cfu/g) at 30oC while
the best growth was exhibited by B. cereus (1.20x102
cfu/g) at pH of 6.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (log106.93cfu/ml) exhibited the highest growth at day
10 and 180 revolution per minute (rpm). The profiles showing the relationship
between cell numbers and pH indicate a steady increase in cell numbers and
decrease in pH of the medium as incubation periods increase from day 1 to day
10. The result showed the rich assemblage of different bacteria with the ability to
degrade crude oil and therefore should be harnessed for application in remediation
of the crude oil polluted ecosystems.
References
American Academy of Microbiology. (2011). Microbes
and Oil Spills. FAQ Series. http://www.dfompo.
gc.ca/science/publications/microbes/ pdf/microbeseng.pdf, 13p.
Abdualdaim, M. M., Aidil, A. H., Ainon, H. and Wan
Mohtar W. Y. (2008). Growth Enhancement of Effective
Microorganisms for Bioremediation of Crude Oil
Contaminated Waters. Pakistan Journal of Biological
Science 11 (13): 1708-1712.
Adebusoye, S.A., Ilori, M.O., Amund, O.O., Teniola,
O.D. and Olatope, S.O. (2007). Microbial Degradation of
Petroleum Hydrocarbons in a Polluted Tropical Stream.
World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 23(8): 1149–1159.
http://dx.Doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9345-3
Adekunle, A. A. and Adebambo, O. A. (2007). Petroleum
Hydrocarbon Utilization by Fungi Isolated from
Detariumsenegalense (J. F Gmelin) seeds. Journal of
American Science, 3(1):69-76.
url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2995414
4}
Alexander, M. (1999). Biodegradation and
Bioremediation. International Journal of Environmental.
Academic press, San Diego.
Al-Jawhari, I. F. H. (2014). Ability of Some Soil Fungi in
Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon. Journal of
Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2:46-52.
Alongi, D. M. (2008). Mangrove forests: resilience,
protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate
change. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 76:1–13.
http://dx.Doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.08.024
Al-Nasrawi, H. (2012). Biodegradation of Crude Oil by
Fungi Isolated from Gulf of México. Journal of
Bioremediation and Biodegradation. 3 (4):1-6. Doi:
10.4172/2155-6199.1000147
Antai, S. P. (1990). Biodegradation of Bonny Light
Crude Oil by Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Waste
Management, 10: 61-64. https://Doi.org/10.1016/0956-
053X(90)90070-2
Antai, S. P. and Mgboma, A. (1989). Distribution of
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria in Oil Spill Areas.
Microbiological Letters 40: 137-143.
Atlas, R.M. (1981). Microbial degradation of petroleum
hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiol.
Rev., 45(1): 180–209. Doi: 10.4236/aim.2016.611081
Atlas, R.M. and Bartha, R. (1992). Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation and Oil Spill Bioremediation. Advanced
Microbial Ecology. 12: 287–338.
Atlas, R.M. and Bartha, R. (1972). Degradation and
Mineralization of Petroleum in Sea Water: Limitation by
Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 14 (3):
309–318. http://dx.Doi.org/10.1139/m72-289
Balba, M. T., Al-Awadhi, N. and Al-Daher, R. (1998).
Bioremediation of oil contaminated soil: microbiological
methods for feasibility assessment and field evaluation.
Journal of Microbial Methods, 32: 155 – 164.
https://Doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(98)00020-7
Bartha, R. and Atlas, R.M. (1977). The microbiology of
aquatic oil spills. Advanced Applied Microbiology, 22:
225–266. https://Doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164
(08)70164-3
Bartha, R. and Bossert, I. (1984). The treatment and
disposal of petroleum refinery wastes. pp. 553–578. In:
Atlas, R.M. (Ed.), Petroleum Microbiology. Macmillan
Publishing Co., New York, NY, USA, p. 692.
Bastida, F., Moreno, J. L., Hernandez, T. and Garcia, C.
(2007). The Long Term Effects of the Management of a
Forest Soil on its Carbon Content, Microbial Biomass and Activity Under a Semi-arid Climate. Applied Soil
Ecology, 37: 53 – 62. Doi. 10.1016J. apsoil.2007.03.010.
Bossert, I. and Bartha, R. (1984). The Fate of Petroleum
in Soil Ecosystems, p. 434-476. In R. M. Atlas (ed.),
Petroleum Microbiology. Macmillan Publishing Co.,
New York.
Boynton, W. R., Kemp W. M. and Osborne, C. G. (1980).
Nutrient Fluxes across the Sediment Water Interface in
the Turbid Zone of a Coastal Plain Estuary. In Estuarine
Perspectives (Kendy, V. S.ed) New York: Academic
Press, pp. 93-109.
Cerniglia, C. E. (1981). Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Metabolism by Bacteria, Fungi and Algae (pp 321-361).
In: Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology. Hodgson, J. R.
and Philpot Publishing Co. New York.
Cheesebrough. (2006). District Laboratory Practice in
Tropical Countries 7: 35-121.
http://dx.Doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543470
Chikere, B. O and Okpokwasili, G. C. (2003).
Bioaccumulation of Cd and Pb in Bacteria of three
Genera Isolated from Eleme River, Nigeria. Nigerian
Journal of Microbiology 17(2): 125 –129.
Cowan, S. T. (1985). Cowan and Steel Manual for
Identification of Bacteria, (2nd Ed), Cambridge, London:
Cambridge University Press.
Das, N. and Chandran, P. (2011). Microbial Degradation
of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants: An Overview.
Biotechnol. Res. Int., vol. 2011, Article ID 941810, 13 p.,
2011. Doi: 10.4061/2011/941810
Dexter-Dyer, B. (2003). A Field Guide to Bacteria;
Comstock Publishing Assoc.: Ithaca, NY., 59 Vol. 1, pp.
24-220.
Dibble, J. T. and Bartha, R. (1976). Effect of Iron on the
Biodegradation of Petroleum in Seawater. Applied
Environmental Microbiology, 31:544-550.
https://Doi.org/10.1128/aem.31.4.544-550.1976
Dollah, S. A. (2004). Bioremediation of Petroleum
Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil: Potentials, Principles and
Applications. Journal of Environmental Management
Education, 1(2):171-180.
Ekundayo, J. A. and Obire, O. (1987). Use of Indigenous
Microorganisms in Ridding the Environment of Spilled
Oil. The Proceeding of the 1987 International Seminar on
the Petroleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment.
pp. 139-148.
Ernst-Detlef, S. and Mooney, H. A. (1993). Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Function. Springer. Verlag, pp. 88–90
Essiene, E. A., Umoren, S. A., Essien, E. E. and Udoh, A.
P. (2012). Preparation and Evaluation of
Cucumeropsismanii.Naud.Seed Oil Metallic Soaps as
Driers in Gloss Paint. Journal of Material and
Environmental Sciences. 3(3): 477-484.
Essien, J. P. and Udosene, E. D. (2000). Distribution of
Actinomycetse in Oil Contaminated Utisols of the Niger
Delta (Nigeria). Journal of Environmental Science, 12:
296-302.
Fedorak, P. M., Semple, K. M. and Westlake, D. W. S.
(1984). Oil Degrading Capabilities of Yeasts and Fungi
Isolated from Coastal Marine Environments. Canadian
Journal of Microbiology 30: 565 –571.
Ghazali, F.M., R.N.Z.A. Rahman, A.B. Salleh and M.
Basri. (2004). Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Soil by
Microbial Consortium. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 54:
61-67
Gibbs, C.F., Pugh, K.B. and Andrews, A.R. (1975).
Quantitative Studies on Marine Biodegradation of Oil. II.
Effect of temperature. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 188 (1090):
83–94.
Hamamura, N., Olson, S., Ward, D. and Inskeep, W.
(2006). Microbial Population Dynamics Associated with
Crude-oil Biodegradation in Diverse Soils. Applied
Environmental Microbiology. 72: 6316–6324.
Hambrick III, G.A., DeLaune, R.D. and Patrick, Jr., W.H.
(1980). Effect of Estuarine Sediment pH and Oxidationreduction Potential on Microbial Hydrocarbon
Degradation. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 40
(2): 365–369.
Hayase, N., Yano, H., Kudoh, E., Tsutsum, C., Ushio, K.,
Miyahara, Y., Tanaka, S. and Nakagawa, K. (2004).
Isolation Characterization of Poly (butylene succinate-cobutylene adipate)-degrading Microorganism. J.
Bioscience Bioengineering., 97: 131-133.
Head, I.M. Jones, D.M. and Röling, W.F.M. (2006).
Marine Microorganisms Make a Meal of Oil. Nat. Rev.
Microbiol., 4: 173–182.
Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. and
Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative
Bacteriology, 9 th Ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
USA Ijah, U. J. J. and Ukpe, L. I. (1992). Biodegradotion of
Crude Oil by Bacillus Strains 28A and 61B Isolated from
Oil Spilled Soil. Waste Management 12: 55 – 60.
Itah, A. Y. and Essien, J. P. (2005). Growth Profile and
Hydrocarbonoclasic Potential of Microorganisms
Isolated from Tarballs in the Bight of Bonny, Nigeria.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21:
1317 – 1322.
Koukkou, A. I. (2011). Microbial Bioremediation of Nonmetals: Current Research.Caister Academic Press. ISBN
978-1-904455-83-7.
Leahy, J.G. and Colwell, R.R. (1990). Microbial
Degradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment.
Microbiological Reviews, 54, pp. 305-315.
Macaulay, B.M. (2015). Understanding the Behaviour of
Oil-Degrading Microorganisms to Enhance the Microbial
Remediation of Spilled Petroleum. Appl. Ecol. Environ.
Res., 13 (1): 247–262.
Mandri, T. and Lin, J. (2007). Isolation and
Characterization of Engine Oil Degrading Indigenous
Microrganisms in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. African
Journal of Biotechnology. 6(1): 023–026.
Margesin, R. and Schinner, F. (2001). Biodegradation
and Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons in Extreme
Environments. Applied Microbiology and
Biotechnology. 56 (5-6): 650–663.
Marshall, A.G. and Rodgers, R.P. (2004). Petroleomics:
The Next Grand Challenge for Chemical
Analysis. Acc. Chem. Res., 37(1): 53–59.
Muller, A. K., Westergaard, K. Christensen, S. and
Sorensen, S. J. (2002). The Diversity and Function of Soil
Microbial Communities Exposed to Different
Disturbances. Microbial Ecology 44: 49-58.
Nweke, C. O., Alisi, C. S., Okolo, J. C. and Nwanyanwu,
C. E (2007). Toxicity of Zinc to Heterotrophic Bacteria
from Tropical River Sediment. Applied Ecology and
Environmental Research. 5(1):123-132.
Oboh, O. B., Ilori, M. O., Akinyemi, J. O. and
Adebusoye, S. A. (2006). Hydrocarbon Degrading
Potential of Bacteria Isolated from a Nigerian Bitumen
(Trasand) Deposit. Natures Science, 4(3):51-57.
Okerentugba, P. O. and Ezeronye, O. U. (2003).
Petroleum Degrading Potentials of Single and Mixed
Microbial Cultures Isolated from Rivers and Refinery
Effluent in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology,
2(9): 288-292.
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Amanchukwu, S. C. (1988).
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation by Candida
species. Environ. Int. 14: 243-247.
Okpokwasili, G. C and James, W. A. (1995). Microbial
Contamination of Kerosene, Gasoline, and Crude Oil and
their Spoilage Potentials. Material Organismen 29: 147-
156.
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Okorie, B. B. (1988).
Biodeterioration Potentials of Microorganisms Isolated
from Engine Labricating Oil. Tribology International 24:
215 – 217.
Okpokwasili, G. C and Nnubia C. (1995). Effects of
Drilling Fluids on Marine Bacteria from a Nigerian
Offshore Oil Field. Environmental Management, 19: 923
– 926.
Omotayo, A. E., Efetie, O. A., Oyetibo, G., Ilori, M. O.
and Amund, O. O. (2011). Degradation of Aviation Fuel
by Microorganisms Isolated from Tropical Polluted Soils.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical
Sciences / Vol. 5 No. 2 (2011) / Articles. Doi:
10.4314/ijbcs.v5i2.72133
Patrick, Jr., W.H. and DeLaune, R. D. (1977). Chemical
and biological redox systems affecting nutrient
availability in the coastal wetlands. Geosci. Man, 18(13):
131–137.
Phelps, J. and Zeikus J. G. (1985). Effect of fall turnover
on terminal carbon metabolism in Lake Mendota
sediments. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 50:
1285–1291.
Plaza, G.A., Jangid, K., Lukasik, K., Jawecki, G. N,
Berry, C.J. and Brigmon, R.L. (2008). Reduction of
Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Toxicity in Refinery
Wastewater by Bioremediation. Environmental
Contamination Toxicology, 81:329–333.
Ramamurthy, T., Mohanraju, R. and Natorajan, R.
(1990). Distribution and Ecology Methanogenic Bacteria
in Mangrove Sediments of Pichavaram, East Coast of
India. Indian Journal of Marine Science.19: 296 – 273.
Saadoun, I.M.K. and Al-Ghzawi, Z.D. (2005).
Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination. pp. 173–
212. In: Fingerman, M. and Nagabhushanam, R. (Eds.),
Bioremediation of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems.
Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield (NH), USA, 400p.Tano-Debrah, K., Fukuyama, S. N., Otonari, F. T. and
Ogura, M. (1999). An inoculum for the Aerobic
Treatment of Wastewaters with High Concentration of
Fats and Oils. Bioresource Technology., 69: 133-139.
Tyagi, R.D. (1991). Biological Treatments of Petroleum
Refinery wastewater.In: Biological degradation of
Wastes. Martin, A.M. Elsevier Applied science, London,
PP: 323-340.
Van Hamme, J.D., Singh, A. and Ward, O.P. (2003).
Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology. Microbiol.
Mol. Biol. Rev., 67(4): 503–549.
Doi: 10.1128/Mmbr.67.4.503-549.2003.
Verstraete, W. R., Vanloocke, R., De Borger. and
Verlinde, A. (1976). Modelling of the Breakdown and the
Mobilization of Hydrocarbons in Unsaturated Soil
Layers, p. 99-112. In J. M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan
(ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International
Biodegradation Symposium. Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd., London.
Ward, D.M. and Brock, T.D. (1976). Environmental
Factors Influencing the Rate of Hydrocarbon Oxidation
in Temperate Lakes. Applied Environmental
Microbiology, 31(5): 764–772.
https://Doi.org/10.1128/aem.31.5.764-772.1976
Xu, R., Lau, N. L. A., Ng, K. L. and Obbard, J. P. (2004).
Applications of Slow-Release Fertilizer for Oil
Bioremediation in Beach Sediments. J. Environ. Qual.
33: 1210-1216. https://Doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1210
Yang, S.Z., Jin, H.J., Wei, Z., He, R.X., Ji, Y.J., Li, X.M.
and Yu, S.P. (2009). Bioremediation of Oil Spills in Cold
Environments: A Review. Pedosphere, 19(3): 371–381.
https://Doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(09)60128-4
PDF