Antibiosis of Salicylic acid Pre-Hardening Treatments of Cowpea on Development of Pod Sucking Bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Audi, A. H.
Mukhtar, F. B.
Abstract
Induced plant response using Exogenous Salicylic acid has a significant potential
to control physiological interactions of Phytophagous insects The experiment was
conducted at the University Research farm, Faculty of Agriculture Bayero
University, Kano (11°58 ‘N, 8° 25’ E and 457m above sea level) to evaluate the
effect of SA-treatment on Development of Pod sucking bug of cowpea. Four
different cowpea varieties (IT97K-1069-6, IT98K-205-8, IT89KD-288 and
Dan’ila) pre-hardened with Salicylic acid were established in various replicated
field cages in completely randomized design. Five-pairs each of fresh bugs were
introduced into the various cages. These were allowed for 2-weeks to mate and
oviposit after which all adult insects are removed. Introduced insects showed
variable developmental response to the different Pre-hardened cowpea varieties
in SA hormones (P<0.001). Interactions of treatments and varieties was also
found significant (P<0.001).Cowpea seeds treated with lower (5ppm)
concentrations of SA show greater deleterious effects on the development of the
pod bugs than the higher (10 & 20ppm) concentrations and the controls (Distilled
water & Untreated seeds). Of the four Cowpea varieties screened, IT97K-1069-6
and IT89KD-288 of 5ppm SA-treatments show higher antibiosis on development
of C. tommentosicollis, resulting to low oviposition (41.33 and 45.67), higher
percentage nymphal mortalities (71.59% and 77.24%) and mean unhatched eggs
of 27.33 and 32.00 respectively, with smaller adults bugs (3.55mg and 3.27mg)
at emergence. Phytochemical screening of the treatments using GC-MS analysis
showed high concentrations of cumene, eugenol and sesquiterpenes in the tolerant
varieties. These relations should be explored extensively toward sustainable plant
protection.
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